by Caryn Tamari

Follow these few tips, and you'll be off to a good start when doing business with Canadians.

On arrival, you'll be greeted with a handshake mixed with a touch of coolness and a hint of warmth all in one. You'll feel a blend of the European and the American. This will be your welcome to Canada, Northern neighbor to the USA.

Canada is huge. It takes approximately two weeks to drive across the country coast to coast. Today Canada is considered one of the best places in the world to live, with one of the highest standards of living on the planet.

Canada is a mosaic of cultures. Many different ethnic groups live side by side, for the most part very peacefully, but definitely separately. Canadians are not known for their strong sense of national identity. One thing is for sure - they know what they are not, and they are not Americans.

So, before you travel to Canada, it is strongly recommended that you learn a little about the average Canadian, his/her culture, and most importantly, the right way to do business with them.

A dash of the English, a sprinkle of the American, and a pinch of the French - all in one

The Canadian business population is not as formal and conservative as the English, but neither are they as open and direct as Americans. It is important to differentiate, to understand the historical, political and economic differences between them.

Business without conflict

Canada has had no real wars to speak of, and Canadians generally live calm and peaceful lives. They are, therefore, not used to conflict, and do their best to avoid arguments. Even if someone does not do his job properly, he won't be given that message directly. Instead, he will be thanked for the report he sent, and hints will be given that perhaps it could have been done "slightly" differently. Therefore, it would be best not to ask provocative questions or get into serious debates with business colleagues. If you do occasionally need to question - or give negative feedback - do it as gently and positively as possible.

Be careful not to give too much advice, unless it is asked for!

Canadians have the potential to be direct in their communications, but they are nowhere near as direct as Americans. Often they interpret directness and self-confidence as aggressive and arrogant. Though we may love to give advice, with the intention of being helpful, Canadians don't like free advice. So, it is recommended that unless you're asked, don't offer.

Don't assume you can call them by their first names

Canadians place a lot of emphasis on titles and qualifications (especially in French-speaking areas). It is important to show respect. Calling someone by his or her first name can be interpreted as disrespectful. Some cultures tend to use first names as default when meeting people. The Canadians don't quite understand this lack of formality. They won't complain to you about using their first name (remember, they don't like conflict), but they'll be much happier if you address them as Mr. or Ms. LastName, until they invite you to do otherwise.

Don't get too close and don't touch

There are approximately 8 people living on a square mile in Canada. Canadians are used to space and are protective of their personal space bubble. Do not touch them! At the office, be careful not to make yourself too at home. Avoid invading their space.

Politely does it

Canadians, especially in the French-speaking areas, place a lot of emphasis on "manners". 'Please' and 'thank you' cannot be heard often enough. Use these words frequently. Someone who exhibits good manners shows that they come from a good family and that they are well educated - someone you want to do business with.

Social chit chat

Canadians enjoy small talk. They can talk about the weather for 15-20 minutes. Keep it positive. Avoid statements such as "How the hell do you live in this freezing cold place?". Rather, make a comment such as "Wow, this is such a pleasant change from the terrible heat in Miami".

Small talk is not something everyone is good at, but if you keep up with Canadian sports, such as ice hockey, you'll score big points.

Differences between English and French-speaking areas

Canada is divided into English and French-speaking areas. There are very real differences between these areas - which are also felt in the business world. It is important to pay attention to language issues. Find out if you need a translator in French-speaking areas and make sure your documentation is in French if necessary.

Business dress - casual with a European influence

The dress code is not 100 % clear. It really depends on the type of business and region you are in. When in doubt - ask. In French-speaking areas, it is usually best to keep it formal.

Use the Canadian spell check

English spelling and vocabulary in Canada is a mixture of British and American. Don't assume that it is acceptable to use American spelling as the default. Use the spell check on your computer and be sensitive to this issue.

A business card in 2 languages

A business card in Canada doesn't carry the same importance as it does in Japan, but you do need to have one. Make sure it is in both English and French if you are travelling to French-speaking areas.

One thing at a time

Some cultures encourage multi-tasking and people are expected to do several things at the same time - speak on the phone, type a document, eat lunch… The Canadians do one thing at a time. Don't expect otherwise. Be patient and don't get irritated.

Stick to the agenda

An agenda is important in Canada. You need to have one, and you need to follow it. If you want your topic to be included on the agenda, then plan it in advance. You cannot spontaneously raise your topic. You'll have to wait till the next meeting.

Separation between work and home

Canadians are very protective of their personal time. Family time is family time. It does depend to some extent on the industry, but most people leave work at "quitting time". Don't call them after work hours, never on the weekends, and don't expect them to leave an emergency phone number when they go on holiday. Because they are protective of their personal time, business dinners are not very popular; business lunches are far more acceptable.

Recycling

Canada is a peaceful country. Life is pretty calm. Protection of the environment is high up on their agenda and close to the hearts of Canadians. Recycling is a way of life, so pay attention to where you throw your garbage, especially at work, and generally, be sensitive to ecology issues.